Authors:
- A. Nasir Yousuf Abdelkareem: -

- Alaa Zuhir Al-Rawashdeh: -

- Asma Sirageldin Ahmed: -

- Osman Sirajeldeen Ahmed: ORCID, ResearchGate

- Mohd. Elmagzoub Eltahir: -

Abstract: »This paper critically examines the ongoing conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which began on 15 April 2023, and continues to date. It focuses on widespread and general violence against civilians, including forced displacement, destruction educational and healthcare systems, and massacres based on identity, rape and acts of sexual exploitation. Through qualitative examination of secondary sources like international and local news reports, human rights records, and conflict statistics on war crimes and attacks against civilians, the study questions the use of the term "dirty war" in the definition of the conflict. The research hypothesis raised in the middle asks if the declaration of the SAF-RSF conflict as a "dirty war" is an objective classification based on trends of war crimes and attacks on civilians or a moral description determined by political and discursive frameworks. By exploring the language, motivations, and narratives of war, the paper analyzes how war has been involved in influencing internal public opinion, international response, and historical record. The research contributes to further discussion of war talk humanitarian law, and the protection of civilians in contemporary internal armed conflicts.« (Source: Cogent Social Sciences)

Contents:

	Abstract (p. 1)
	1. Introduction (p. 1)
	2. Literature review (p. 2)
		2.1. The concept of ‘dirty war’ in the context of Sudan (p. 2)
		2.2. Identity-based violence and its impact on the life of civilians (p. 2)
		2.3. Displacement patterns and the humanitarian crisis (p. 3)
		2.4. Parallels: Sudan and Argentine Dirty Wars (p. 3)
	3. Research design and methodology (p. 4)
	4. Limitations and ethical considerations (p. 5)
	5. Results interpretation and discussion (p. 5)
		5.1. Forced displacement of civilians (p. 5)
		5.2. Education (p. 5)
		5.3. Health care (p. 7)
		5.4. Food security (p. 8)
		5.5. Additional findings (p. 9)
			5.5.1. Sexual assault and exploitation (p. 9)
			5.5.2. Identity-based killings (p. 10)
	6. Summary of key findings (p. 10)
		6.1. Hypothesis 1 (p. 1)
		6.2. Hypothesis 2 (p. 10)
	7. Conclusion and recommendations for future research (p. 12)
	8. Recommendations for future research (p. 12)
	Disclosure statement (p. 13)
	Author contributions (p. 13)
	About the authors (p. 13)
	Data availability statement (p. 14)
	References (p. 14)

Wikipedia: History of Africa: History of Sudan | Sex and the law: Sexual violence / Wartime sexual violence | War: Sudanese civil war (2023–present) / War crimes during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)